EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION-SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 10

LEARNING OUTCOMES

List and describe the components of a typical supply chain.
Supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer, customer, customer's customer.

Define the relationship between decision making and supply chain management.
SCM enhances decision making by collecting, analyzing, and distributing transcriptional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all different entities in the supply chain work together more effectively. SCM systems provide dinamic holostic views of organizations, users can drill down into detailed analyses of supply chain activities in a process analogous to DSS. without SCM systems, organizations would be unable to make accurate and timely decisions regarding their supply chain.

Describe the four changes resulting from advances in IT that are driving supply chain.

Although people have been talking about the integrated supply chain for a long time, it has only been recently that advances in information technology have made it possible to bring the idea to life and truly integrate the supply chain. visibility, consumer behavior competition, and spreed are a few of the changes resulting from advances in information technology that are driving supply chain.

Summarize the best practices for implementing a successful supply chain management system.

The following are the SCM industry practises:
make the sale to supplier- a large part of any SCM system extends beyond the organization to the supplier. Since the organization has very little control over anything external to itself, these pieces that the SCM system will provide to ease SCM implementation difficulties.

When employees off traditional business practices- if the organization cannot convince people that using the SCM system software is worthwhile, the employees probably find a way around using the software.

Ensure the SCM system support the organization the organizational goals- be sure to select SCM software that supports organizational goals and strategies.

Deploy in incremental phases and measure and communicate success- designing the deployment of the SCM system in incremental phases is the most successful deployment method. the BIG BANG approach is implementing everything once and fail 90 percent of the time. be future oriented

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

CHAPTER 9

What is artificial intelligence??? .Artificial intelligence is stimulates to human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn. 

Intelligent system are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence. it include sensor, software, and devices that emulate and enhance human capability, learn or understand from experience, make sense and make decision effectively.. 

Artificial intelligence divide into four group..

1. Expert system: computerized advisory program that imitate the reasoning process of experts in solving problems. Expert system are the most common form of AI in the business arena because they fill the gap when human expert are difficult to find or retain or too expensive..
2. Neural network: Attempts to emulate the way the human brain works. It analyze large quantities of information to establish patterns and characteristics in situations where the logic or rule unknown..
3. Genetic algorithms: 

Bila masuk tajuk artificial intelligence madam bagi contoh movie atas nie..madam cakap cerita nie best dan banyak pengajaran yang kita boleh dapat bila tengok movie nie..dan terbukti apa yang madam cakap tu betul bila aku sendiri tengok cerita nie..sangat best sebab banyak pengajaran penting yang dapat diterapkan dalam diri aku. cerita nie mengisahkan MEKA (robot manusia) iaitu buatan manusia yang dicipta untuk memudahkan segala urusan manusia dan juga menbantu melengkapkan segala kekurangan manusia.kalau nk cerita memang panjang..part sedih,gembira,aksi dan bermacam2 ada dalam cerita nie...kalau nk tahu mcam mane jalan cerita nya kena lah tengok sendiri...:)

DATA WAREHOUSE

CHAPTER 8

Data warehouse is a database used for reporting and data analysis.it is central repository of data which is created by integrating data from one or more disparate sources. data warehouse store current as well as historical data and are used for creating trending reports for senior management reporting such as annual and quarterly comparisons.
Data mart are related sets of data that are group together and separated out from the main body of data in the data warehouse.

The prime  purpose of data warehouse is to store , in one system data and information that originates from multiple application within or across organizations. the data may stored as received from the sources application or it may be processed upon input to processed upon to validate, translate, aggregate or derive new data.
relationship between business intelligent and data warehouse:
Business intelligent refers to the application and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to and analyze data information to support decision making efforts. as business started automating more and more system more and more information are available. However, collection remained challenge due to lack of infrastructure for information exchange or to incompatibilities between systems. in modern businesses, increasing standards automation and technologies have led to vast amount of available information..  

STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION --DATABASE

CHAPTER 7

Database is the organized collection of data. the data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information.the advantages of the relational database are:-

increased flexibility
a good database can handle changes quickly and easily just as any goes business needs to be able to handle changes quickly and easily. the distinction between logical and physical views of information deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device such as a hard disk. the logical view of information focuses on how users logically access information to meet their particular business needs.

increased scalability and performance
only a database can scale to handle the massive volumes of information and the large numbers of users required for the successful launch. scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands. performance measure how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.

reduced information redundacy
redundacy is the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places. redundacy information occurs because organizations frequently capture and store the same information in multiple locations.

increased information integrity (quality)
to measure of the quality of information within a database environment, integrity constraints are rules that helps ensure the quality of the information. relational integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information based constraints. business critical integrity enforce business vital to an organization success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.

increased information security
password provide authentication of the users who is gaining access to the controls.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT STRATEGICS INITIATIVES

CHAPTER 5

Information technology is relatively new functional area, having been around formally in most organizations.Most organizations maintain positions such as chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO),and chief operations officer (COO) at the strategic level.Recently there are more IT related strategies positions such as the chief information officer (CIO),chief technology officer (CTO), chief information officer (CIO), chief security officer (CSO),chief privacy officer (CPO) and chief knowlwdge officer (CKO).

Chief information officer (CIO)

responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology and ensuring the strategies alignment of IT with business goals and objectives

Chief technology officer (CTO)

responsible for ensuring the throughout, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of an organization's information technology.

Chief security officer (CSO)

responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguards againts attacks from hackers and viruses.

Chief privacy officer (CPO)

responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization.

Chief knowledge officer (CKO)

responsible for collecting, maintaning, and distributing the organization's knowledge.

Nowadays facebook are all be use by all person.No matter old or young because with facebook we can communicate and share with friends and also family.Facebook also have many function.It not only can make a communication and sharing information but also can make a money.What i mean is we can make a business with facebook. 87 percent has been use facebook to make a business because it is more easier and fast.Me also having a business with facebook and it is very easy to get a profit. With sit at home or anywhere just click at the facebook we can know who want to buy our product. that's is what i'm talking about. selling a product and use facebook to advertise it.

Facebook is a way to make life people more easier. they do not have to go out to shopping and making them tired. they just need to click at the mouse and pick which item they want and pay it through online. in several days the items they want will be arrived at their home..and it is very simple.Facebook is one of the effectiveness and efficiency ways to gain a profitability..

MEASURING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S SUCCESS

CHAPTER 4

IT has become an important part of the organization's strategy, competitive advantage and also to gain a profit..the first thing manager need to understand about IT success is incredibility to measure.

The meaning of metrics is a measurement by which is efficiency, performance, progress or quality of a a plan, process or product that can be assessd

Efficiency and effectiveness metrics are two primary types of IT metrics.Efficiency IT metrics measure the performance of IT system itself including throughput speed and availability.Efficiency IT metrics measure the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversation rates and sell through increases.

ENTERPRISE RESOURCES PLANNING

CHAPTER 3

.Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP is a system that is used to combined all of the information or operations of a company into a single unit...their standard system will utilize both computer hardware and software in order to achieve this....the most important parts of the ERP system is the central database and used to store information from various modules....the goal of ERP is to unify the various functions of an institution but it also not simply limited to corporations and commonly used by non-profit organizations,government agencies and other institutions....it must meet a certain requirement in order to be recognized as an ERP....now i want to describe the summary of importance of ERP.......an ERP is important tool in our world of today...when business processes are streamlined into a single unify unit, the company will operate at a higher level and automatically lead to higher level of productivity and turn to more profits....ERP also is greater levels of information flow along with a higher quality of information and that will be able rapidly transfer information from one place to another and thus act on the data within a short period of time....

Futhermore, ERP also allows a company to effectively manage its inventory..for example, when the products are manufactured, it will be done with a higher level of precision....this technology also can make the cost more lower....the money saved by the organization can be used to invest in new products or marketing strategies..ERP also allows a company to become highly flexible...means the company able to quickly adapt to changes that occur in the market....flexibility is very important today because if an organization is not flexible, it will be difficult for them to stay competitive....besides that, the most important of ERP is the implementation of software..in dealing with software issues, ERP can also help companies integrate their operations...at the same time, it is important to realize that there are a number of challenges involved with utilizing ERP and maybe it will be costly.....ERP tools are outside the price range of many organizations..all this are the importance of ERP.....that's all for this chapter..

SAY "CHARGE IT" WITH YOUR CELL PHONE

CHAPTER 2

Question:

• Do you view this technology as a potential threat to traditional telephone companies? if so what counter strategies could traditional telephone companies adopt to prepare for this technology?

• using porter's five sources describe the barriers to entry for this new technology

• which of porter's three generic strategies is the new technology following?

• describe the value chain of the business of using cell phones as a payment method

• what types of regulatory issues might occur due to this of technology? 

 Answer:

• yes, i have view this technology as a potential threat to traditional telephone companies.therefore, the counter strategies could traditional telephone companies adopt to prepare for this technology by differentiation. differentiation is by create competitive advantage by distinguish their customers. also by create a unique features or benefits may justify price differences and stimulate demand. for example is by create a good design and mostly can attract consumer to by it. by create more beautiful application, screen and also a energetic sound.

• by using porter's five force the one of the barriers to entry is buyer power...today's buyers has many choices to choose the best supplier for their product. for example blackberry smartphone using an application of IOS and Samsung using application of android. therefore the existence of the competitors cause barriers to them to improve and produce the better quality product. that's why customers choose the best and more quality product

• next barriers is supplier power..supplier need to diversity their product to maintain and compete with other supplier. they want their customers be a loyal user with their product

• third the barrier in threat of substitute products and services happened when too many technology product exist at the market. they want to be the best because they do not want their customer find and select another product and completely change it. 

• lastly is threat of new entrance. barriers for new entrances is how they want to introduce and make their product well known among the consumer.

• lastly, rivalry among existence competitors. when there are many of competitors in market that want to compete in their technology and product, they do not realize that that they need to open their mind and create something new for consumer..

porters 5 forces model is a framework of industry analysis and business strategy development...it has industrial organization IO economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness to market. ....

 

 Three of Porter's five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats:-
  porters referred to this force as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment..a change in any forces normally requires a business unit to re access the marketplace given the overall change in industry information...

 supplier power - it is high when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from. it is low when buyers choices  are many. best practices of IT to create competitive advantage. for example like B2B(business to business) marketplace -private exchange allow a singe buyer to post it needs and then open the bidding to any supplier who would care to bid. REVERSE AUCTION is an auction format in which increasingly lower bids.

threat of substitute products and services - it is high when there are many alternatives to a product or services. meanwhile it isl ow when there are few alternatives from which to choose. ideally, an organization would like to be on a market in which there are few substitutes of their product or services. best practice of IT for example electronic product that is in same function but different brands. to the extent that customers can use different products to fulfill the same need, the threat of substitutes exist.
switching cost- costs can make customer reluctant to switch to another product or services.

threat of new entrants- it is high when it's easy for new competitors to enter a market. it's low when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market. entry barriers is a product or service feature that customer have come to expect from organization and must be offered by entering organization to compete and survive. best practices of IT for example new bank must offers online paying bills, account monitoring to compete.

BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Today electronic that connect to one another are found everywhere. IT's impact on business operation in reducing cost, improving productivity and generating.
  Information technology (IT) and management information system (MIS)  have their own function..information technology is a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information. it also covering many field that deal with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information securely. IT can be an important enabler of business success and innovation. IT is not useful unless the right people know how to use and manage it effectively......
In other hand, management information systems (MIS) is a business function just as marketing finance, operations and human resources. MIS is a general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technology and procedure..that is because it called information systems..MIS is the way to solve the business problem....

XOXO AL :)